Title : The 2-year follow-up study on the correlation between perinatal factors and refractive development in preschool children
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the trend of refractive development changes in preschool children over a two-year period and the impact of perinatal factors on refractive development, providing scientific evidence for vision care in preschool children.
Methods: A cluster sampling method was used to recruit pregnant women and their newborns who delivered between 2015 and 2018 at 10 public hospitals in Hefei city, establishing a prospective cohort study. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was applied to analyze the correlation between perinatal factors and refractive development in preschool children.
Results: The main type of refractive abnormality in preschool children was simple astigmatism, followed by myopic refractive errors. GEE analysis showed that maternal primiparity (OR=1.254, P=0.016), being female (OR=1.641, P=0.011), and gestational hypertension (OR=2.717, P=0.013) were risk factors for refractive abnormalities in preschool children. Conversely, maternal natural delivery (OR=0.632, P=0.030), birth in spring (OR=0.757, P=0.038), and summer (OR=0.715, P=0.011) were protective factors.
Conclusion: The occurrence of refractive abnormalities is trending toward younger ages. Strengthening prenatal health management, increasing parental awareness of preschool children's vision, and implementing early interventions can help reduce the incidence of refractive abnormalities and promote the overall development of preschool children's vision health.
Keywords: Perinatal factors, preschool children, refractive development, pregnancy-induced hypertension, generalized estimating equation.
