Title: Adoption of Personalized and Precision Medicine (PPM)-guided resources in addressing national biosafety: A green light towards innovations to secure individualized, population, regional and planetary health through personalized nutrition and precision foodomics
Abstract:
A new systems approach to diseased states and wellness result in a new branch in the healthcare services, namely, personalized and precision medicine (PPM). To achieve the implementation of PPM concept, it is necessary to create a fundamentally new strategy based upon the subclinical recognition of biomarkers of hidden abnormalities long before the disease clinically manifests itself. PPM is a unique approach that tailors treatment and prevention strategies according to an individual’s specific needs. Meanwhile, PPM-guided aggressive preventive and interventional nutritional and pharmaceutic strategies targeted to patients and pre-illness persons-at-risk whose genetic tests identify them as having extraordinary risks of developing chronic diseases have a much greater likelihood of success. These strategies consider the variability in genetic predisposition, environment, and lifestyle among patients and pre-illness persons-at-risk. The effect of PPM-guided nutrition on human health begins before conception and continues throughout life. Pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence are critical stages for growth and development. Diets during these stages must balance environmental sustainability and health outcomes. Integrated approaches such as integrated (multi) OMICS represents new trends in human health and PPM-guided nutrition and precision foodomics. The genetic, phenotypic, medical, nutritional, and other relevant information for individuals provides tailored healthy eating and nutritional guidance based on specific needs. The approach concept involves a deep understanding of the complex molecular interplay between genetic makeup and environmental (exposomal) factors including nutrition, metabolism, and diet, in an individual or group of consumers.
In this context, metabolomics (along with the other OMICS technologies) and nutritional research proved to be valuable tools for the measurement of biochemical changes associated health changes related to diet. It is also, highly, promising in identification of nutritional biomarkers to monitor nutritional intervention studies. Accurately diagnosing, monitoring, and treating disorders requires advances in nutritional biomarker discovery, the subsequent development of accurate signatures that correspond with dynamic disease states, as well as therapeutic nutritional interventions. Metabolomics provides a snapshot of an individual’s current nutritional and physiological state, offering a robust, unbiased alternative to complement and validate traditional questionnaires. By bridging the gap between subjective data and objective biomarkers, metabolomics enables more accurate diet assessments and individualized diet recommendations. This integrated approach deepens our understanding of the dietary impacts on health, facilitating more effective lifestyle interventions aimed at disease prevention. The greatest challenge for metabolomics research is its integration with other omics and phenotypic data. This will enhance our knowledge of diet-health relationships. The latter requires collaboration among translational and clinical researchers with overlapping expertise areas including nutritionists, clinicians, nurses, bioinformaticians, statisticians and chemists, and many other stakeholders. This expertise integration is vital to develop the knowledge to establish the evidence-based PPM-based nutrition. The greatest challenge to cracking the relationships between food and health is to decipher the high inter-individual variability responses to food intake. The new frontier of the nutritional sciences lies in our ability to predictably engineer our physiologic networks for diet, health, and disease. This will ultimately allow fine tuning of diet intervention and health monitoring. The goal of PPM-based nutrition is the design of customized nutritional recommendations to prevent or to treat nutrition-related disorders. Those strategies should include nutriogenomics information, other factors such as dietary and physical activity patterns, metabolome, and microbiota. Various genes and polymorphisms have been defined as relevant factors to explain diet-specific metabolic responses. Lifestyle and individualized diet are widely recognized as significant determinants of health, driving demand for personalized health solutions. In this sense, the concept of PPM-based nutrition and precision foodomics is to provide accurate nutritional recommendations for an individual to obtain a healthier lifestyle. An individual’s personal integrative nutritional biomarker profile can be combined with the identification of food ingredients (food design) to determine that individual’s PPM-based nutrition. In this context, a personalized nutritional and healthy lifestyle habits recommendation system based on users’ biomarkers, eating habits and physical and behavioral characteristics to generate tailor-made plans. This innovative platform would allow its integration with technological applications that need to apply personalized nutrition and precision foodomics to any type of treatment, disease or defined life situation, and where genetic, biological, nutritional and psychological factors are relevant. The integration of digital health technologies with personalized nutrition offers a transformative approach for managing diabetes and obesity. This emerging paradigm extends beyond generic dietary recommendations by tailoring interventions based on genetic, epigenetic, microbiome, and real?time metabolic data.
Those advances are paving the way for the design of innovative strategies for the control of chronic diseases. PPM-based nutrition has the huge potential to maintain health, as a result of a rigorous nutrigenomic and metabolomics analysis whilst considering the genetic makeup of an individual. Predictive insights from nutrigenomics and metabolomics can identify pre-early markers of disease risk, enabling timely interventions and fostering a proactive approach to health management. Personalized recommendations, based on robust metabolomic data, empower individuals to make informed dietary and lifestyle changes tailored to their unique health profiles. This preventive approach significantly reduces the burden of chronic disease, supporting public health objectives and aligning with integrative medicine’s focus on addressing the root causes of illness together with individualized treatment. There is thus a need for the identification of novel nutritional biomarkers or patterns of biomarkers that link nutrition with health and will lead to further understanding the role of food in health and disease. This will be made possible by large genetic biobanks that are designed to capture genetic diversity. This is the reason for developing global scientific, clinical, social, and educational projects in the area of PPM to elicit the content of the new branch. This approach offers a promising solution to implementing personalized nutrition and precision foodomics in combinatorial but targeted healthcare recommendations.
